Friday, 18 July 2014
Wednesday, 9 July 2014
Tuesday, 8 July 2014
Today I won't share anything academic, but I would like to share few lines which inspired me and made me think about them.
1. I heard one person saying, 'Desires bring fear along with them. If there are no desires, there would be no fear.'
This is actually very true. Every fear of our life is associated with our desires. For example, the fear of failing is due the desire of success.
2. Another line that I heard was that ' Success brings many positive changes in the attitudes of people, but sometimes we actually try to get success only to bring changes in the attitudes of people.'
This is also very true as we sometimes strive for success solely for the purpose of proving someone wrong and making him\her trust us.
1. I heard one person saying, 'Desires bring fear along with them. If there are no desires, there would be no fear.'
This is actually very true. Every fear of our life is associated with our desires. For example, the fear of failing is due the desire of success.
2. Another line that I heard was that ' Success brings many positive changes in the attitudes of people, but sometimes we actually try to get success only to bring changes in the attitudes of people.'
This is also very true as we sometimes strive for success solely for the purpose of proving someone wrong and making him\her trust us.
Thursday, 3 July 2014
Rites of passage
Definition:
“Ceremonies
that mark important transitional periods in a person's life, that is birth,
puberty, marriage, having children, and death. Rites of passage usually involve
ritual activities and teachings designed to strip individuals of their original
roles and prepare them for new roles.”
Phases:
Generally
rites of passage are divided into three phases:
1.
Separation
2.
Transition
3. Reincorporation
Examples:
Some examples of rites of passage are:
1.
Wedding
2.
Bar or Bat Mitzvah
3.
Baptism
4.
Confirmation
5.
Quinceañera
Here we will only be
considering Quinceañera in detail.
Quinceañera
Definition:
“Quinceañera, also called fiesta de
quince años, fiesta de Quinceañera, quince años or simply quince, is the
celebration of a girl's fifteenth birthday in parts of Latin America and
elsewhere in communities of people from Latin America.”
Explanation:
The
word Quinceañera derives from Spanish word quince, meaning “fifteen”, and años,
meaning “years”. It may refer to the girl or the ceremony itself. In Mexican American communities this ceremony
symbolizes the change from adolescence to womanhood..
It
is celebrated in many countries, such as United States, Argentina, Peru,
Paraguay, Uruguay, Mexico, Ecuador, etc.
Phases of Quinceañera:
Usually
Quinceañera is divided into two phases, that is religious and social, but we
can divide it into three phases as follows:
1.
Separation
Prior
to the celebration of Quinceañera, the young woman attends classes at the
church on the importance of mass and the significance of the moment in life.
These classes occur up to one year.
2.
Transition
This
phase involves a church ceremony which calls upon the woman to renew her
Baptism vows and call from the promise of support from a member of the family.
The young woman enters the church with his father and mother, who are standing
beside her. She sits in a single chair alone at the altar. Traditionally, she
wears a white or pastor colored, floor-length dress and wears a crown of some
sort. She also carries a doll with her. This offering shows that she is moving
towards maturity.
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3. Reincorporation
In
this phase, there is a great party or fiesta. These events usually take place
in stage sets which are either made or rented. There are toast, Thank-you to
the sponsors, and the response of the Quinceañera in which she expresses
gratitude for her upbringing. There is usually a multi-tired cake embellished
with statuary and fountains. A pillow is used to present the crown. This crown
symbolizes the triumph in living a moral life. There are also periods of
dancing in this party.
After
this event, the Quinceañera enters the society as a woman.
Wednesday, 2 July 2014
Nutritional Facts about potatoes
We mainly associate potato as a vegetable which promotes obesity but we are unfamiliar with what a potato is capable of. Lets discuss the nutritional value of potato.
1. Potassium:
A potato has potassium more than that of banana. Potassium is the part of every body cell. It helps to maintain blood pressure. It is also important for transmitting nerve impulses and for muscle contraction.
2. Vitamin-C:
2. Vitamin-C:
It aids in collagen production, helps in Iron absorbtion, helps in healing wounds and keeps our gums healthy.
3. Fiber:
3. Fiber:
Fibers cannot be digested or absorbed by human beings. Soluble fibers help lower cholesterol.
4. B6:
4. B6:
one potato covers 10% of the daily value of B6 absorbed. It helps in the formation of non-essential amino acid . It is involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin. It is also involved in carbohydrates and protein metabolism.
5. Iron:
5. Iron:
It is the major component of hemoglobin. It facilitates the transport of oxygen, synthesis of enzymes, development of numeral system and controls the normal cell production.
Uses of potatoes
1. It is used for making medicines.
2. It is used by people who are having stomach disorders.
3. Potatoes are baked, fried or boiled and used on many recipes: mashed potatoes, potato pancakes, potato chips, potato salads etc.
4.Potatoes are used in pharmaceutical purposes, textile, wood and paper industries for as adhesive, filler, oil drilling, texture agent etc.
5. It is used as 100% biodegradable substitute for polystyrene and other plastics used, for example, disposable plates, dishes and knives.
6. Potatoes are also used for the production of fuel grade ethanol.
2. It is used by people who are having stomach disorders.
3. Potatoes are baked, fried or boiled and used on many recipes: mashed potatoes, potato pancakes, potato chips, potato salads etc.
4.Potatoes are used in pharmaceutical purposes, textile, wood and paper industries for as adhesive, filler, oil drilling, texture agent etc.
5. It is used as 100% biodegradable substitute for polystyrene and other plastics used, for example, disposable plates, dishes and knives.
6. Potatoes are also used for the production of fuel grade ethanol.
Benzimidazole
Definition:
“Benzimidazole, a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound consisting of a fusion of benzene and imidazole, in an extension of the well-elaborated imidazole system, has been used as a carbon skeleton for N-heterocyclic carbenes, usually used as ligand for transition metal complexes.”
Molecular formula:
Its molecular formula is C7H6N2.
Structural formula:
Physical properties
Physical properties- Benzimidazoles have high melting points. The melting point is given as 170-172oC.
- The boiling point of benzimidazole is360 °C.
- Benzimidazoles are usually soluble in polar solvents and sparingly soluble in non polar solvents.
- Preparation of benzimidazole:Benzimidazoles are weakly basic, being somewhat less basic than imidazole.
- Benzimidazoles are also sufficiently acidic to be generally soluble in aqueous alkali and form N-metallic compounds. The acidic properties of benzimidazoles, like those of imidazole, seem to be due to stabilization of the ion by resonance.
- The molar mass of benzimidazole is 118.14 g mol−1
Preparation:
Benzimidazole is usually prepared by the reaction of o-Phenylenediamine (C6H4(NH2)2) with formic acid (HCO2H).
Reactions of benzimidazole:
Benzimidazoles can undergo the following reactions:
- Alkylation
- Acylation
- Halogenations
- Nitration
- Reaction with Grignard reagents
- sulfuric acid or chloro sulfonic acid
- Reactions of benzimidazoline 2- thione
Use of benzimidazole:
Benzimidazole is mainly used in the following ways:
- It is used as a pesticide.
- It is used as an antiviral and antibiotic.
- Some veterinary benzimidazoles are also used as anthelmintics in human medicines. Anthelmintics are drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminthes) from the body, by either stunning or killing them.
- It is also used in chemotherapy.
- Most benzimidazole derivatives are only minimally soluble in water, so they may be applied as a paste or in a liquid suspension.
Benzimidazole Fungicides
Benzimidazole fungicides are low use, broad-spectrum fungicides, widely used in agriculture for pre-harvest and post-harvest treatment for control of a wide range of pathogens. Benzimidazole fungicides were the first fungicides to be used to control eyespot, an important fungal disease of wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungus, in Europe from around 1974. At the time of their introduction, they represented a ground-breaking class of fungicides with unique properties that included systemic and curative activity that allowed extended spray intervals. World-wide, benzimidazole fungicides are registered in many countries on more than 70 crops including cereals and grapes.
Examples:
Few examples of benzimidazoles are as follows:
- Albendazole
- Benomyl
- Carbendazim
- Thiophanate-methyl
Resistance status:
Benzimidazoles represent the beginning of serious resistance problems in fungicides. A few years after commercialization, loss of disease control with benzimidazole fungicides was recorded in many crops, especially with pathogens having numerous cycles per year, such as Botrytis cinerea(a necrotrophic fungus). For those funguses, such as Tapesia spp, that have 1-2 life cycles per year, the resistance developed after 10 years.
Environmental fate
Terrestrial fate:
Benzimidazole is expected to have high mobility in soil. Benzimidazole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces, based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.6X10-5 mm Hg. The benzene based fungicides; Benlate and thiabendazole do not migrate any appreciable distance in soils. When applied to soil surfaces they did not move more than 25 mm into the soil. Benzimidazole does not support the growth of mixed cultures of microbes that could grow on benzimidazole-based fungicides. When repeatedly applied benzimidazole results in the increased degradation of these microbes.
Aquatic fate:
An estimated Koc value-a measure of a material's tendency to adsorb to soil particles-of 110, determined from an estimation method, indicates that benzimidazole is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water. At low pH (pKa = 5.3(8)), it is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediments. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.
Atmospheric fate:
Benzimidazole, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 7.6X10-5 mm Hg at 250C, is expected to exist in the both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase benzimidazole may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. Benzimidazole absorbs light at 245, 271 and 278 nm, so it has little potential for direct photolysis in the atmosphere.
Reference
http://extoxnet.orst.edu/tibs/glossary.htm
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